Apple vs Papaya

Proteins are essential for a healthy, balanced diet. The recommended daily dose is 0.8-1g of protein per 1 kg of body weight.

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Cholesterol is a lipid essential for producing hormones and takes two forms: LDL, or bad cholesterol, and HDL, good cholesterol. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) contributes to plaque, which can clog arteries and increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) removes LDL from the arteries and carries it to the liver to be broken down.

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Caffeine is a psychoactive substance that stimulates the central nervous system. It increases energy levels and boosts concentration.

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The amount of food energy in kilocalories (kcal) per 100g. The minimum daily requirement is approximately 1,800 kcal (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).

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Lipids are essential for a healthy, balanced diet. They provide energy and also play a key role in the production of hormones and cell membranes, as well as in the absorption of nutrients and fat-soluble vitamins.

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The amount of food energy in kiloJoules (kJ) per 100g. The minimum daily requirement is approximately 7,500 kJ (according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).

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The total amount of sugars, including glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose. A sugar-heavy diet can cause metabolic dysfunctions.

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Fructose, also called fruit sugar, is a monosaccharide which is absorbed directly into the bloodstream. Consuming too much fructose can cause high blood pressure.

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Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, and are divided in 4 groups: oligosaccharides (glycose), monosaccharides and disaccharides which are sugars and serve as a quick source of energy, while polysaccharides, like starches serve for storing energy.

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Glucose, also known as blood sugar, is the main source of energy.

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Sucrose, also known as table sugar, is composed out of glucose and fructose. Sucrose is rich in calories, but doesn’t have a high nutritional value.

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Lactose is a type of sugar (disaccharide) usually found in milk, composed of galactose and glucose.

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Iron is found in hemoglobin, which represents approximately 2 thirds of the body’s iron reserve.

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Calcium is a mineral which is very important for bone health. The recommended daily dose for adults is approximately 1000mg per day.

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Magnesium is an important mineral for bone development and helps the proper functioning of various metabolic processes, like activating the enzymes that help in energy production.

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Sodium helps regulate the water level in the cells, especially in the kidneys. The amount of sodium consumed also influences blood pressure.

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Potassium is a mineral that helps muscles contract, regulates the fluid balance in the body, helps maintain a normal blood pressure and kidney health.

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Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral found in the human body, after calcium. It helps cellular reproduction and contributes to the growth and repair of tissues.

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Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that comes in various forms. It is primarily important in maintaining healthy vision and the development of bones, soft tissues and skin. IU (International Units) is the unit of measurement that almost all food labels use.

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Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is important for maintaining the health of the nervous system. It works closely with folate (vitamin B9) in the production of red blood cells and the processing of iron.

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Also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, vitamin C helps strengthen the immune system and is commonly used to prevent viral infectious diseases.

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Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is primarily important for maintaining healthy vision. It also acts as an antioxidant and is important for the health of teeth, bones, soft tissues and skin. RAE (Retinol Activity Equivalent) is the unit of measurement the scientific community prefers.

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The added amount of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) is a synthetic form of the natural vitamin E that is added to foods to increase their nutritional value.

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Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) contributes to lowering cholesterol and triglycerides (fat) in the body. Like all B vitamins, it is involved in the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose. It also contributes to maintaining the health of the nervous system.

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Valine is an essential amino acid promoting normal growth, tissue repair, blood sugar regulation, muscle coordination, emotions and mental vigor. It helps maintaining proper nitrogen balance in the body and can serve as an energy source for muscle tissues.

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Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that the body needs for growth, for creating the sleep hormone melatonin, the neurotransmitter serotonin and for the synthesis of vitamin B3.

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Isoleucine is an essential amino acid, important for the the synthesis of hemoglobin, the regulation and stabilization of blood sugars and energy levels, and tissue repair.

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Leucine is an essential amino acid for adipose, muscle and liver tissues. It stimulates protein synthesis, protecting muscles from stress and is important for regulating blood sugar and stimulating insulin release, which is important for building muscles.

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Lysine is an essential amino acid that helps the body absorb calcium and has a crucial role in collagen formation.

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Methionine is an essential amino acid that plays an important role in synthesizing other proteins, forming cartilage tissues, dissolving fat and reducing fat in the liver. It has an anti-inflammatory and pain relieving effect and strengthens hair and nail structure.

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Apigenin is a bioflavonoid compound found in plants and herbs, especially in chamomile plants. It has anxiety reducing and mild sedative effects, as well as antioxidant properties.

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Luteolin is a bioflavonoid found in plants and herbs. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Kaempferol is a bioflavonoid found in many plants. It has antioxidant properties and is currently being used in cancer research, as it is thought to reduce the risk of various cancers.

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Myricetin is a bioflavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, as well as in red wine. It has antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, and can potentially protect cells from carcinogenic mutations.

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Quercetin is a bioflavonoid found in many plants and grains, known for its positive effects on the immune system and for its antioxidant properties. It often used in treating allergies.

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Daidzin is an isoflavone compound found in vegetables and legumes, especially soy and soybeans. It stimulates the formation of bone mass and helps regulate estrogen levels.

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